Getting around Ghana can feel overwhelming at first. This is especially true if you’re new to the country. The roads can get very busy, traffic heavy, and you might think you are running out of options. But here’s the good news: public transportation in Ghana is accessible, affordable, and full of character. In fact, you cannot truly experience this beautiful country without at least a few rides on its public transport system.
Maybe you don’t have your own car, or maybe you simply want the adventure that comes with traveling like a local. Whatever your situation is, I want to guide you to the best ways to use public transportation without feeling overwhelmed. Whether you’re in Accra, Kumasi, or smaller towns, there are simple ways to move around confidently.
In this guide, I’ll walk you through the main options—from tro tros and taxis to buses and ride-hailing apps. I’ll also share practical tips and my own experiences to help you navigate Ghana’s transport system with ease.
Understanding Public Transportation in Ghana
I remember my first time in Ghana—I thought I would never travel in the tro-tro buses. But two years later, I’ve taken these shared minibuses that crisscross every city on several occasions to navigate the Greater Accra Region. Of course, they are available countrywide, but my experience has mostly been in and around Accra. I’ve found that public transportation in Ghana has its own advantages, like getting around faster and at a much lower cost.
The public transportation system is a mix of traditional and modern services. On one hand, you have the classic tro tros. On the other, apps like Uber, Bolt, and Yango bring modern convenience. Add in shared taxis, motorbikes, and long-distance buses, and you’ll see there is no shortage of options.
For me, the only option I haven’t tried is the long-distance buses. I have used tro tros, motorbikes, Uber, Bolt, taxis, and even private transportation. The key is understanding that each mode works differently. Knowing when and how to use them makes all the difference.
Tro Tros: The Backbone of Public Transportation in Ghana
Tro tros are the most popular form of public transport in Ghana. They are minibuses, usually packed with passengers, that follow fixed routes. They’re cheap, fast, and everywhere. My first ride on a tro tro reminded me of my days in Jamaica when I would take the bus from Half-Way-Tree to Portland, where I attended college. It was busy, loud, and full of life.
To board a tro tro, you simply stand by the roadside. A “mate” (the conductor) will shout the route. For example, you might hear, “Accra, Circle, Circle!” as a tro tro heads into the city center. Once you wave, the bus will stop for you to hop in.
One important tip is to learn the signs and signals the conductors use to indicate where they are going. From Afienya, where I stayed, a signal pointing upwards meant the bus was heading to Accra. A left signal meant Tema, and a right one meant Ashaiman. This is why having a local buddy to guide you early on can make a huge difference.
The cost is very low—usually just a few cedis depending on the distance. I typically paid around 17 GHS to travel to Accra. That’s why locals rely on tro tros daily. They may be crowded and hot, but they’re efficient and give you a true taste of Ghanaian life.
Taxis and Shared Taxis
If you don’t want the hustle of tro tros, taxis are everywhere. In cities, you’ll see them painted in two colors—usually yellow and another shade. Unlike in some countries, many taxis in Ghana don’t have meters. Instead, you negotiate the price before the ride.
Bear in mind that taxis can be very different from what you are used to. Some of them are quite worn, and you might feel they won’t get you to where you’re going. But the truth is, they’ve been running for years and usually do just fine. The good thing is that you have the option to choose which one to take. So select the one that suits you and get going.
In some areas, taxis also operate as shared taxis. That means several people going in the same direction will ride together, each paying a smaller fee. This option costs more than a tro tro but less than hiring a taxi alone. It’s the most common way taxis operate, though you can always hire one for yourself if you prefer.
A tip: always ask locals what a fair price should be before negotiating. This saves you from paying too much as a newcomer. Remember, there’s something in Ghana called the “foreigner’s price.” If you don’t know better, they usually add about 20 percent to the local cost(and even more).
So be assertive and bargain for the best deal. You’ll be surprised how often you can get local prices just by standing your ground with confidence.
Ride-Hailing Apps: Uber, Bolt, and Yango
Technology has changed how people move around cities in Ghana. Ride-hailing apps like Uber and Bolt are now very popular, especially in Accra. With these, you avoid the stress of negotiating prices and the hustle of getting on and off tro tros and taxis. Personally, my two go-to options are Uber and Bolt, and I keep both apps on my phone.
The cost is higher than tro tros or shared taxis, but many diasporans and visitors prefer this option. The cars are usually more comfortable, and you can track your route directly on the app. It’s especially useful at night or when you don’t know the city well and want to feel more secure. Drivers are registered with the app which makes the rides generally safer and more reliable.
Tip: get the phone number of your Uber or Bolt driver. That way, if you ever need an urgent ride, they can come to your rescue. I’ve saved the numbers of a few drivers, and it has proven very handy.
Long-Distance Buses
When traveling between cities, long-distance buses in Ghana are the best choice. Popular companies include STC, VIP, and OA. These buses run from Accra to Kumasi, Tamale, Takoradi, and other major towns.
The process is simple: go to the station, buy a ticket, and board. Some buses even allow online booking now. The fares are reasonable, and the buses are more comfortable than tro tros for long trips.
One advantage is safety. Drivers for these companies usually follow strict rules compared to private vehicles. You also avoid the stress of driving yourself on highways.
Motorbikes and “Okadas”
Motorbikes can be very handy when you need to cover short distances. My first time on one in Ghana was honestly one of the scariest moments for me. But as I started to use them more, I realized that most rides are safe enough. That doesn’t mean there are no risks. I remember one time when a car nearly hit us—but thankfully, we escaped unharmed. Even that experience didn’t stop me from riding these short-distance conquerors.
In many towns and rural areas, motorbikes are a common form of public transportation in Ghana. Locals call them okadas. They’re fast and can weave through traffic easily. However, without proper safety gear, they can also be risky.
If you decide to take an okada, always wear a helmet and agree on the price before the ride. For short trips in areas where taxis are scarce, they’re one of the most convenient options.
Cost of Public Transportation in Ghana
Affordability is one of the best things about public transport in Ghana. A tro tro ride might cost between 2 and 20 cedis depending on distance. Shared taxis fall in a similar range but can be slightly higher. I pay 30 GHS from Accra Mall to Afienya on a shared taxi.
Uber and Bolt are more expensive. For example, a ride from Afienya to Accra may cost around 150 cedis one way. Long-distance buses vary depending on destination but usually cost less than fuel for a private car.
Overall, compared to Western countries, transport in Ghana is budget-friendly.
How to Pay for Transportation
Most payments in Ghana’s public transport system are done in cash. For tro tros, always carry small bills, since conductors often don’t have enough change for larger notes. Taxis and okadas also prefer cash payments, though I saw some people paying with mobile money optioins.
With Uber or Bolt, you can either pay in cash or link your card to the app. For buses, tickets are usually purchased upfront at the station before boarding.
Tip: When riding tro tros, always remember to ask for your change. I’ve had a few occasions where the conductor forgot to return it. Unless you want to tip him, make sure to ask.
Tips for Using Public Transportation in Ghana
Here are a few tips I’ve learned while moving around:
Carry small notes. It makes paying easier.
Ask locals for help. Ghanaians are friendly and will guide you if you’re lost.
Avoid rush hours if possible. Morning and evening traffic in Accra is heavy.
Be cautious at night. Stick to taxis or ride-hailing apps.
Stay patient. Things may not run on strict schedules, but you’ll get there.
Advantages of Public Transportation in Ghana
There are many reasons to embrace Ghana’s public transport system:
It’s affordable compared to owning a car.
It connects you to almost every neighborhood.
It helps you experience local culture.
It reduces stress, since you don’t have to drive in traffic.
Challenges You Might Face
Problems in Ghana come in different way, including on the public transportation system. Of course, public transportation in Ghana is not perfect. Tro tros can be crowded and hot. Taxis may try to overcharge foreigners if you don’t negotiate. Roads often get congested, especially in Accra. And safety standards vary, particularly with okadas.
Still, with planning and awareness, you can manage these challenges. The key is to be mindful and prepared to work around them. In the end, it’s a matter of give and take. Do you prefer the cheaper options that come with a few inconveniences, or the more expensive ones that offer greater comfort and ease?
Public Transportation for Diasporans
For diasporans, using public transportation in Ghana is both practical and eye-opening. It saves money, helps you adapt to daily life, and connects you with locals. At the same time, ride-hailing apps like Uber and Bolt provide a more comfortable option when you need it.
Many diasporans choose a mix of both—tro tros for short daytime trips and ride-hailing at night. This balance makes life easier and more affordable. For me, taking public transportation in Ghana has also been a spiritual experience. It brought back beautiful memories of Jamaica, where I once relied on buses to get around.
Final Thoughts
Public transportation in Ghana is more than a way to get from point A to point B. It’s a living part of Ghanaian culture. From the bustling tro tro stations to the rhythm of drums on long-distance rides, transport here is full of energy.
If you are new to Ghana, don’t be intimidated. Start small, ask for help, and try different options. You’ll soon find the system both simple and fascinating.
Whether you’re a local, a visitor, or a diasporan making Ghana your home, public transportation will take you where you need to go—and give you a unique taste of the country along the way.
